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Laser Crystals

Discover the advanced capabilities of our Diffusion Bonded Crystals, expertly engineered for high-performance laser systems. These innovative crystals consist of two or three different crystal types, typically featuring an undoped crystal bonded to one or both ends of a doped crystal. Utilizing a specialized thermal bonding ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Bonded YAG Crystal
AR Coating: Uncoated, Both sides, One side
Parallelism: ≤10″
Coatings: AR@1064nm & 808nm
Clear Aperture: ≥95%
The Er,Yb:Glass Crystal is a sophisticated active gain medium known for its ability to generate a 1535 nm laser, which is an eye-safe wavelength. This characteristic makes it highly favorable for applications in laser rangefinding and telecommunication. The unique combination of Erbium (Er3+) and Ytterbium (Yb3+) co-doped phosphate ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Er Glass
AR Coating: Uncoated, Both sides, One side
Dimension Tolerance Width: (+/-0.1) mm
Coatings AR @940 Nm: R<0.5%
Coatings AR @1535 Nm: R<0.2%
The Nd:YVO4 crystal, also known as Neodymium-doped Yttrium Vanadate, is a highly efficient laser crystal specifically designed for diode pumping applications. It stands out among the current commercial laser crystals, particularly for low to medium power lasers, due to its superior absorption and emission characteristics compared to ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Nd:YVO4
AR Coating: Uncoated, Both sides, One side
Host Material Formula: Nd:YVO4
Crystal Structure: Tetragonal
Lattice Constant: a=b=7.1193 Å, c=6.2892 Å
CTH:YAG Crystal is an advanced solid-state laser medium renowned for its ability to generate laser emissions at 2100 nm. This crystal is a composite material, doped with Chromium (Cr3+), Thulium (Tm3+), and Holmium (Ho3+), which makes it highly efficient for a variety of demanding applications. The unique triple-doping process ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: CTH:YAG
Crystal Diameter: 5 mm
Crystal Length: 130 mm
AR Coating: Uncoated, Both sides, One side
Ends Type: Flat or Curved
The Nd:Ce:YAG crystal, also known as Neodymium Cerium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, is a highly efficient laser material renowned for its versatility and performance. This advanced crystal is engineered to deliver superior laser energy output, making it an ideal choice for a range of demanding applications. By incorporating Cerium ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Nd:Ce:YAG
Crystal Diameter: 5 mm
Crystal Length: 115 mm
AR Coating: Uncoated, Both sides, One side
Angle Tolerance: +/-5°
Cr4+: YAG is an excellent saturable absorption material. It has strong absorption at the wavelength from 0.8~1.2μm and has the advantages of high melting point, damage resistance, and good thermal conductivity. It is often used as passive Q-switch for 0.8~1.2μm lasers.

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Cr:YAG
Crystal Diameter: 3 mm
Crystal Length: 2 mm
AR Coating: One side
Host: Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Y3Al5O12)
Diffusion Bonded Crystals (DBC) are crystals consisting of two, three or more parts with different doping levels or different doping, usually one laser crystal and one or two undoped crystals combined by optical contact and further bonded under high temperature. Lasertec Inc is a leading manufacturer of finished composite crystal ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Nd:YAG
Crystal Diameter: 10 mm
Crystal Length: 100 mm
AR Coating: Both sides
There are two typical types of Er:Glass lasers, one is using laser rod as working medium, another is using bonded Er:Glass to get gain medium, Q-switch and output coupler as a whole, which present advantages of easy fixing and stable construction.    There are three types of Er:Glass modules available specified as: 0-10Hz ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Er Glass
Crystal Diameter: 3 mm
Crystal Length: 3 mm
AR Coating: Both sides
Gain Media: Er3+, Yb3+:Phosphate glass
Er, Cr,Yb phosphate glass is the raw material for making  the  solid gain medium crystal for flash lamp pumped lasers, the erbium-doped concentration is 0.13~0.25×1020cm-3, and the light output energy is from millijoule to joule level.    Erbium Glass doped with Er3+, Yb3+ and Cr3+, Erbium doped glass ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Er Glass
Crystal Diameter: 3 mm
Crystal Length: 3 mm
AR Coating: Both sides
Wavelength: 1535 nm
Lasers powered by Er:YAG (erbium substituted: yttrium aluminium garnet), operating at 2.94 microns, crystals couple well into water and body fluids. The output of Er:YAG laser rod working as active element in special devices enables the painless monitoring of blood sugar levels for diabetic people, while safely reducing the risk for ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Er:YAG
Crystal Diameter: 2 mm
Crystal Length: 5 mm
AR Coating: Both sides
Chemical Formula, Crystal: Activator: Y3Al5O12:Er^3+
The erbium doped concentration of the LD pumped laser glass is 0.25~1.3, and the light output energy ranges from microjoule to millijoule.     Er, Yb co-doped phosphate glass, with wider wavelength tuning, lower RIN and narrower laser linewidth, higher conversion efficiency and very wide pump band. It is used to make ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Er Glass
Crystal Diameter: 3 mm
Crystal Length: 140 mm
AR Coating: Both sides
Wavelength: 1535 nm
Er:Yb:Phosphate glass is an ideal material for eye-safe laser application because of 1535nm emission, it can be fabricated as optical fiber core for special applications.

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Er Glass
Crystal Diameter: 2 mm
Crystal Length: 50 mm
AR Coating: Uncoated
Host: Phosphate glass
Nd: YVO4 crystal is an excellent laser crystal for making diode pumped solid lasers. The main and greatest advantages of Nd: YVO4 are high absorption coefficient, big stimulated emission cross-section and wide absorption band, the absorption peak is about 808 nm.    Because of these advantages, small crystal can be used ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Nd:YVO4
Crystal Diameter: 1 mm
Crystal Length: 0.3 mm
AR Coating: Both sides
Chemical Formula, Crystal: Activator: YVO4: Nd3+
Er, Yb:glass+Co: spinel bonding crystal is a bonding crystal formed by bonding co: spinel at the end of Er, Yb: glass. It can effectively improve the comprehensive performance of Er, Yb: glass laser. We design a special structure to reduce the thermal effect to meet high energy density lasers.

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Er Glass
Crystal Diameter: 10 mm
Crystal Length: 10 mm
NdYAG crystal is the most mature and widely used solid-state laser material adopted by R&D, medical, industrial and military customers. Its properties are a good compromise between the strengths and weaknesses of its competition. Nd:YAG crystals are used in all types of solid-state lasers systems, e.g. frequency-doubled ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Nd:YAG
Crystal Diameter: 2 mm
Crystal Length: 0.1 mm
AR Coating: Both sides
Cr4+: YAG (Cr4+: Y3Al5O12) is an excellent crystal for passively Q-switching. It can be used as working medium of 1350~1600nm lasers and 900~1200nm passive Q-switching lasers, such as Nd: YAG, Nd: YLF, Nd: YVO4, Yb: YAG lasers.   Typically, Cr4+: YAG can be grown by Czochralski method. In recent years, Cr4+: YAG is ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Cr:YAG
Crystal Diameter: 3 mm
Crystal Length: 1.3 mm
AR Coating: One side
Chemical Formula: Cr4+:Y3Al5O12
Cr:ZnSe – Chromium zinc selenide (Cr2+:ZnSe) exhibits high absorption coefficient and can be very efficiently pumped over broad 1450-2100 nm range of various sources or used as passive Q-switch in this range. Cr:ZnSe is tunable and it lases at wide wavelength range from 1900 nm to 3300 nm. Probably biggest disadvantage of ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Other
Crystal Diameter: 40 mm
Crystal Length: 50 mm
AR Coating: One side, Both sides, Uncoated
Material: single-crystal (mono-crystalline)
The Alexandrite Crystal, scientifically known as Chromium-doped beryllium aluminum oxide, is a premier laser gain material utilized in solid-state lasers. Grown using the Czochralski method, this crystal is renowned for its exceptional quality and monocrystalline form. With emission wavelengths typically ranging from 710 nm to 800 ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Other
Crystal Diameter: 3 mm
Crystal Length: 3 mm
AR Coating: Uncoated, Both sides, One side
Emission Wavelengths: 710 nm to 800 nm
Ho:YAG is the most important laser crystal used in medium wave infrared laser, which lasers at 2.05μm.   ■ Advantages of Ho:YAG Crystals:           Nonpolarized output beam        High thermal conductivity        High thermal shock ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Ho:Cr:Tm:YAG
Crystal Diameter: 5 mm
Crystal Length: 100 mm
AR Coating: Both sides
S/D: 10/5
The Nd:YAG crystal, also known as Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, is a highly efficient laser gain medium. This crystal is renowned for its exceptional laser gain even at moderate excitation levels and pump intensities, making it a popular choice in various laser applications. The Nd:YAG allows for high gain efficiency and ...

Specifications

Type Of Crystal: Nd:YAG
Crystal Diameter: 3 mm
Crystal Length: 1 mm
AR Coating: Uncoated, Both sides, One side
Host Material Formula: Y3Al5O12

Frequently Asked Questions

Laser crystals are solid-state materials that have been doped with ions to make them capable of amplifying light through stimulated emission of radiation. They are used as a gain medium in lasers to convert electrical or optical pump energy into a coherent beam of light.

Laser crystals work by absorbing energy from an external source, called a pump source, and storing it within their atomic or molecular structure. When this stored energy is released, it stimulates the emission of photons, which are amplified and emitted as a coherent beam of light.

Common materials for laser crystals include synthetic ruby (aluminum oxide doped with chromium), Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet), Yb:YAG (ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet), Ti:Sapphire (titanium-doped sapphire), and Nd:Glass (neodymium-doped glass).

Laser crystals have a wide range of applications in laser technologies including those used for industrial machining, welding, and cutting; medical applications such as eye surgery and dentistry; telecommunications; scientific research in spectroscopy and photonics; military applications; and consumer electronics.

When choosing a laser crystal, consider factors such as the wavelength of the emitted light, the required output power, the thermal conductivity of the crystal, the efficiency of the crystal in converting pump energy to laser light, and the physical and chemical properties of the material.

Laser crystals are typically manufactured through processes such as the Czochralski process, where a seed crystal is dipped into a melt of the base material and slowly pulled up, allowing the crystal to grow. Doping is done by adding specific ions to the melt to achieve desired properties.

The performance of a laser crystal can be optimized through proper selection of the dopant, optimizing the doping concentration, effective cooling to manage heat generation, using high-quality coatings for the crystal surfaces, and selecting an appropriate pump source for energy input.

Thermal management is crucial in laser crystals because the pumping process generates heat, which can cause thermal lensing and degrade beam quality. Efficient thermal management ensures that the crystal does not overheat, which helps maintain high performance and prolongs the crystal's life.

Doping introduces specific ions into the crystal lattice, which alter the crystal's optical properties. This allows the crystal to absorb energy at certain wavelengths and emit it at others. The choice and concentration of dopant can affect the efficiency, output wavelength, and power.

As of my last update in September 2021, advancements in laser crystal technology include the development of new dopants and host materials for higher efficiency and power, advances in crystal growth techniques for improved quality, and innovations in thermal management solutions.

Laser Crystals: The Heart of Solid-State Lasers

Laser crystals are an essential component in the realm of photonics and optical technologies. They are the active gain medium used in solid-state lasers to amplify light through stimulated emission of radiation. In this comprehensive article, we will delve into the intricate world of laser crystals, touching upon their working principle, types, applications, and recent advancements.

Introduction to Laser Crystals

Laser crystals belong to a category of solid-state lasers where the active medium that produces laser action is a crystal. Unlike gas or liquid lasers, these crystals have the atoms or ions arranged in a solid lattice structure. These ions are responsible for the optical properties necessary for lasing action. They can amplify the intensity of light, producing highly coherent, focused beams which are used across various applications.

Fundamental Working Principle

Energy Levels and Population Inversion: To understand how laser crystals work, it is imperative to comprehend the atomic structure and energy levels. Atoms possess discrete energy levels, and when external energy is applied, electrons move to a higher energy state. When they return to their ground state, energy is released in the form of photons.

Laser action requires a phenomenon called ‘population inversion’ where more electrons are in the higher energy state compared to the ground state. This leads to the emission of a large number of photons, and hence, intense light.

Optical Pumping and Stimulated Emission: Laser crystals are subjected to a process called 'optical pumping,' where they are exposed to an external light source. This energy excites the atoms within the crystal. When these atoms return to their lower energy state, they emit photons. These photons, in turn, stimulate other excited atoms to emit more photons with the same phase, direction, and energy. This process is called stimulated emission, and it results in the amplification of light.

Types of Laser Crystals

Nd:YAG Crystals: One of the most widely used laser crystals is Nd:YAG, where neodymium ions are doped into a yttrium aluminum garnet crystal. Nd:YAG lasers are known for their high power and efficiency. They are used extensively in industries for cutting, welding, and marking.

Ti:Sapphire Crystals: Ti:Sapphire crystals are doped with titanium ions. They are known for having a broad emission bandwidth, making them ideal for ultrafast pulsed lasers. These lasers are typically used in spectroscopy, microscopy, and industrial machining with ultra-high precision.

Other Notable Laser Crystals: Other laser crystals include Yb:YAG, where ytterbium replaces neodymium, offering better thermal properties, and Ruby lasers, which use a synthetic ruby crystal (aluminum oxide doped with chromium).

Applications of Laser Crystals

Industrial Applications: In industries, laser crystals are used for cutting, drilling, welding, and marking materials with high precision. Nd:YAG lasers are often used due to their high power and efficiency.

Medical Applications: Laser crystals play a vital role in medical procedures such as laser eye surgery, dental procedures, and even cancer treatment. The precision of solid-state lasers is crucial in medical applications.

Scientific Research: In scientific research, laser crystals are used for spectroscopy, studying molecular structures, and interactions. Ti:Sapphire lasers are particularly useful here due to their broad emission spectrum.

Telecommunications: Solid-state lasers are used in telecommunications for optical signal amplification. Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are a common example.

Recent Advancements in Laser Crystal Technology

With the advancing field of photonics, there are constant developments in laser crystal technology. One such development is the creation of new dopants and host materials that can produce higher output powers and efficiencies.

Additionally, innovations in crystal growth techniques have allowed for the production of higher quality crystals. Enhanced thermal management solutions are being developed to better handle the heat generated during the lasing process, leading to more stable and efficient laser systems.

Moreover, with the advent of the quantum revolution, laser crystals are also finding applications in quantum technologies, where they are used to create entangled photons and implement quantum communication protocols.

Conclusion

Laser crystals are undeniably a cornerstone in the field of lasers and photonics. From Nd:YAG to Ti:Sapphire, the variety of laser crystals cater to a plethora of applications across industries, medicine, scientific research, and telecommunications. As technology advances, we can only expect to witness further innovations and applications of these remarkable crystals. Understanding their working principles, types, and applications helps in appreciating the invaluable role they play in modern science and technology.

Did You know?

Laser Crystals are the linchpin of solid-state lasers, where they serve as the active gain medium, or lasing medium. They play a crucial role in generating a laser’s output by utilizing various optical pumping techniques. Some prominent examples of laser media based on crystals include rare-earth ion-doped crystals, such as Nd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet), and transition metal ion-doped crystals, like Ti:Sapphire (Titanium-doped Sapphire). Nd:YAG crystals are particularly notable for their high damage threshold and efficiency, making them the ideal choice for applications requiring high peak powers, such as pulsed nanosecond lasers with Q-switching. On the other hand, Ti:Sapphire crystals are renowned for their large emission bandwidth and are, therefore, best suited for ultrafast lasers and amplifiers, often used in femtosecond pulse generation and amplified laser systems. The judicious selection and optimization of laser crystals are imperative for achieving the desired performance characteristics in solid-state lasers, which have a broad spectrum of applications encompassing industrial machining, telecommunications, medical procedures, and scientific research.