The Nd:YAG laser crystal, a mature and well-developed technology, is created by doping Nd ions into a YAG crystal. This process results in a robust and versatile laser medium with absorption bandwidths ranging from 730-760 nm and 790-820 nm. Typically, Nd:YAG crystals are pumped using either a flash-tube or a laser diode. The most common laser emission peak is at 1064 nm; however, with specific modifications, emissions at 946 nm, 1120 nm, 1320 nm, and 1440 nm can also be achieved. By employing techniques such as Q-switching and mode-locking, the laser can produce different wavelengths (e.g., 532 nm, 266 nm, 213 nm) and pulse widths (10-25 ns), making it highly adaptable for various applications.

Nd:YAG crystals are widely used across numerous fields due to their flexibility and performance. In biophysics, medicine, and military applications, these crystals provide reliable and precise laser outputs. They are also valuable in scientific research and architectural projects, offering a range of wavelengths and pulse widths to suit specific needs. High concentration doped crystals are preferred for pulse laser applications, while low concentration doped crystals are more suitable for continuous wave output, providing users with options tailored to their operational requirements.

The Nd:YAG laser crystal is renowned for its excellent optical, mechanical, and physical properties. Its high gain coefficient and low lasing threshold, combined with a wide absorption bandwidth, make it a preferred choice for various laser applications. This adaptability and efficiency ensure that Nd:YAG crystals remain a cornerstone in the development and advancement of laser technology.