Cr⁴⁺:YAG, or chromium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet, is a highly versatile crystal utilized primarily for Q-switching in lasers with wavelengths ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 μm, such as Nd:YAG and other Nd or Yb-doped lasers. This crystal is an active medium capable of functioning in continuous wave (CW), pulsed, or self-mode-locked tunable near-infrared (NIR) solid-state lasers. Additionally, Cr⁴⁺:YAG is effective in Q-switching lasers with tunable ranges from 1340 to 1580 nm and those operating within 950 to 1100 nm. A standout characteristic of Cr⁴⁺:YAG is its high damage threshold, which ranges from 500 to 1000 MW/cm². The absorption band of this crystal extends from 800 nm to 1200 nm, peaking at approximately 1060 nm, with a notably large cross-sectional area at its absorption peak. Its emission wavelength is 2.94 μm, making it widely applicable in laser medicine and other fields where high performance and reliability are crucial. The physical and optical properties of Cr⁴⁺:YAG contribute to its robustness and efficiency. It has a cubic crystal structure with a lattice parameter of 12.01 Å. The crystal orientation is available in [100] or [110], with a density of 4.56 g/cm³ and a Mohs hardness of 8.5. These properties ensure that Cr⁴⁺:YAG can withstand demanding operational conditions, offering **good thermal conductivity and thermal shock resistance**. The crystal's thermal conductivity is 14 W/m/K at 20℃ and 10.5 W/m/K at 100℃, with a thermal shock resistance of 790 W/m. These attributes make it an ideal choice for high-power laser applications. In terms of processing, Cr⁴⁺:YAG is manufactured with precision to meet stringent specifications. It boasts a surface flatness of less than λ/8 at 632 nm and wavefront distortion of less than λ/4 at 632 nm, ensuring optimal performance in laser systems. The crystal is available in dimensions ranging from 2*2 mm to 15*15 mm, with a thickness/diameter tolerance of ±0.05 mm, making it adaptable for various laser configurations.